Geographic Data
Mirnajaf Mousavi; Nima Bayramzadeh
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Spatial inequalities in developing countries such as Iran are more visible due to various factors, so many Scientists (Dadashpour & Shojaei, 2022-Mosayebzadeh et al, 2021- Fotres & Fatemi Zardan, 2020- Dadashpour & Alvandipour, 2018- GhaderHajat & Hafeznia, ...
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Extended Abstract
Introduction
Spatial inequalities in developing countries such as Iran are more visible due to various factors, so many Scientists (Dadashpour & Shojaei, 2022-Mosayebzadeh et al, 2021- Fotres & Fatemi Zardan, 2020- Dadashpour & Alvandipour, 2018- GhaderHajat & Hafeznia, 2018) consider the most important feature of Iran's space organization to be spatial injustice, which is the manifestation of the country's center-periphery structure at micro-local and macro-national scales. In Iran, inequality and lack of balance in the optimal distribution of facilities as a result of unprincipled past policies in industrial-service locations, growth poles, and the trend of centralization in dominant regional cities, the spatial imbalance between national, regional, district, and local levels is one of the important issues, which has emerged under the influence of mechanisms governing economic, social and political structures, this anomaly and imbalance have increased with the increase of the government's role in the economy due to the nature of its concentration and departmentalism, and more planning has been provided to the government (Faraji et al, 2019). Finally, today, the issue of inequality in many countries is mentioned as a fundamental challenge in the path of development, So it is considered one of the main obstacles in the process of national development and disruption of regional balance, Therefore, the first step in development planning is to identify the position of each region in terms of development and inequalities (Amanpour and Mohammadi, 2021); Therefore, the main goal of this research is the spatial analysis of regional inequalities in Iran during the years 2011, 2016, and 2021.
Materials & Methods
The current type of research is applied and its research method is descriptive-analytical. The collection of data in this research is in the form of a library. The statistical population of this research is 31 provinces of the country based on the last administrative and political divisions of 2021. To evaluate the state of development, 47 indicators have been used in 3 main economic-infrastructural, educational-cultural, and health-treatment dimensions. The analysis of research data has been carried out quantitatively using GIS, EXCEL, and SPSS software. In this research, to rank the provinces from the VIKOR multi-indicator decision-making model, To weight the indices using the Shannon entropy method, For data clustering using the K-Means-Cluster method, To evaluate the changes of inter-provincial inequalities using the CV statistical method, To interpolate the development of the country using the Kriging method, To evaluate the spatial correlation and the type of clustering of the development of the provinces using the Spatial Autocorrelation method (Moran's I) and Geographically weighted regression method has been used to find the relationship between development as a dependent variable and population and area as an independent variable.
Results & Discussion
The results of this research show that in 2011 due to the strong concentration of administrative, political, economic, and industrial activities in Tehran, there was a sharp divergence between Tehran province and other provinces. The growth pole theory has entered the second stage and the degree of divergence has decreased and the degree of convergence between provinces has increased. According to the results of Moran's correlation, the clustering of the country is still multipolar and there is still regional inequality in the country, so the country's border and port provinces are in a worse situation than other provinces, despite their development potentials and capacities as border corridors. The geographic weighted regression model also shows that the influence of independent variables (area and population) is greater in the northwest of the country than in the southeast of the country, This issue is estimated at 76% in 2011, 35% in 2016 and 43% in 2021.
Conclusion
In general, the most important cause of Iran's regional inequality should be sought in the structure of the planning system and the pattern of regional spatial development of Iran. The formation of the planning system in Iran is based on neoclassical economic theories, the growth pole and the intense concentration of activities in the center of Iran, and this issue is very influential in creating regional inequalities, and on the one hand, due to top-down planning and lack of attention to environmental potential in the country's provinces, Actually, spatial injustice is spreading in the country and this issue can act as a dangerous factor in the direction of sustainable development of the country.
Nosrat Moradi; Mir Najaf Mousavi
Abstract
Extended Abstract Introduction In today’s complex and growing world, population growth, changes in the patterns of consumption and quality of life in rural areas have led to many environmental problems. One of the most important problems derived from this issue is the production of rural wastes ...
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Extended Abstract Introduction In today’s complex and growing world, population growth, changes in the patterns of consumption and quality of life in rural areas have led to many environmental problems. One of the most important problems derived from this issue is the production of rural wastes and their inappropriate management. In the past to the present, waste management has been carried out in an improper and insanitary way, such as removing wastes from residential areas, dumping them on the roadside and burning them. Waste disposal in the aforementioned methods is not only the solution to the problem in the right way, but also the transformation of one type of contamination to another one. This method of waste disposal which is conducted without observing the technical principles, environmental standards and conditions of the region, will create the possibility of environmental, economic and social harms to the region and threaten the rural environment. The solution to this problem is to locate appropriate landfills for rural wastes. This research has selected the southern Soma village in the city of Urmia as the area of interest or study area of this research, considering the above mentioned topics. Material and Methods In this research, which is an applied research in terms of the objective, and a descriptive-analytical one in terms of nature, Multi Criteria Evaluation method (MCE) and Geographic Information System (GIS) have been used to identify suitable waste disposal sites. Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) is a method used to combine data in terms of their importance in a particular decision-making process. Conceptually, MCE methods including weighting, scoring or quantitative and qualitative ranking of criteria are for demonstrating their importance with regard to one or a set of goals (Ian 2010: 239). Considering the objective of this study and the analysis tools, the implementation stages of the research are as the following: - Identifying the required parameters - Preparing and producing the parameters - providing the geodatabase and managing the data - Standardizing the sub-parameters - Weighting the parameters - Overlaying the layers Results and Discussion Identifying the Determinants Based on the determinants and according to the Boolean logic, the areas of the South Soma village are either suitable (1) or unsuitable (0) for burying waste materials. The result of this action showed that nearly 70 percent of the village’s area is not suitable for waste burial. In fact, based on the environmental standards of the Environmental Conservation Organization (ECO) of Iran and the related resources, no waste burial should be done in 70% of the village’s area and these areas have been identified as the restricted areas for landfill. The first phase of locating landfill site Based on the statistical information of the landfill locating map, 88.92% of the total area of the village is not suitable for waste disposal. Due to severe and hard conditions of the region, the major part of the suitable lands have also many limitations and might be exploited for waste burial only with high economic costs .Therefore, waste disposal in the lands of this zone is practically unjustifiable economically or the topographic situation of the region makes it very difficult to exploit these lands. Accordingly, if we add the limited suitability zone lands to unsuitable and determinant zone, 94% of the village’s area is not suitable for waste burial, and only about 6% of the total area of the village can be used for burying waste materials. The second phase of locating landfill site: The use of the slope control layer Accordingly the slope parameter was overlaid on the landfill suitable zone. The slope factor managed to place about 2% of the total 6% of the suitable zone in the medium and low suitability zone, therefore, about 4% of the total area of the village with suitable slope and less than 15% will be suitable for landfill. Conclusion In the present research, the suitable landfill sites were identified using Multi-Criteria Evaluation and Geographic Information System. To do this, the suitable lands were proposed for landfill by producing the maps of constraints, geomorphology, climate, water resources, socio-economy, environment and geology-hazards. The results of the first phase showed that about 88.92% of the total area of the village was not suitable for landfill and the determinants and severe geographical conditions are the main obstacles for waste disposal in these areas. Based on the first phase of site location, only 6% of the total area of the village was identified to be suitable lands for landfill. In the second phase, the sites proposed in the first phase were screened again by applying slope control layer. The results of this overlay showed that by applying slope, 2% out of the total 6% suitable area in the previous phase were placed in moderate and low suitable zones. Accordingly, in general, 4% of the total area of the village with a slope of less than 15% were proposed for landfill.
Mir Najaf Mousavi; Maral Rahimi
Abstract
Abstract[1]
Sustainable development in a country can be realized by taking into account the ecological potential, human resources, technology and financial resources belonging to that country and performing such development will only be sustainable in the mentioned environment. Therefore, the ...
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Abstract[1]
Sustainable development in a country can be realized by taking into account the ecological potential, human resources, technology and financial resources belonging to that country and performing such development will only be sustainable in the mentioned environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explain the role of demographic components in realizing the dimensions of sustainable development of the border regions of West Azarbaijan Province, thus, the statistical population of the research has been formed by 9 border cities of the West Azarbaijan Province in the year 1390 (2011).This research was conducted using "analytical - descriptive" method and quantitative models. Research data was collected using a library (documentary) method. In this regard, the demographic analysis of the cities of West Azarbaijan Province during the years 1355-1390 was first studied, then, ranking of the cities of the province in terms of different indexes of sustainable development in 2011 was performed using the VIKOR model (in the Excel software environment) and their ratings by taking advantage of hierarchical cluster analysis method using SPSS 16 software. The results of the calculations indicate that the ranking of cities in different parts is different, and ultimately, the cities of Urmia and Showt were known as being the most developed and the most deprived cities respectively.The coefficient of variation (CV) was used to investigate the extent of inequalities among cities. The application of this model showed that among the various indices, the highest level of inequality has been in economic indicators and the least inequality has been in environmental indicators.Based on the results of structural equation modeling using LISREL software, demographic components have had the most positive impacts on the economic dimension of sustainable development. Testing the hypotheses revealed that all of the demographic components under study, have been effective on the realization of the dimensions of sustainable development.
[1] - به دلیل کیفیت نامناسب متن چکیده مبسوط انگلیسیِ ارائه شده توسط نویسنده مسئول مقاله، نشریه به ناچار اقدام به ترجمه مجدد متن چکیده فارسی و انتشار آن به جای چکیده مبسوط انگلیسی نموده است.
Mir Najaf Mousavi; Mahdi Modiri
Abstract
Development plans are the most important mechanism of government for the realization of justice in society. For this reason, focusing on ecological, economic, physical, social and cultural justice in programming and setting it within the framework of Islamic justice leads to the formation of an equitable ...
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Development plans are the most important mechanism of government for the realization of justice in society. For this reason, focusing on ecological, economic, physical, social and cultural justice in programming and setting it within the framework of Islamic justice leads to the formation of an equitable society and the balanced promotion and progress in all dimensions, areas, strata and various geographical regions of the country. In this regard, land use planning programs are considered as important framework forthe balanced development of the society in all aspects and organizing regional disparities. The purpose of this research is to prioritize the indices of Islamic-Iranian justice in realizing land use planning and balanced development in Iran. The type of research is applied-fundamental, and the applied method is descriptive-analytical. Evaluation Indicators of Islamic-Iranian justice are 35 ecological, physical, economic, social, and cultural justice indexes. The statistical population is 31 provinces of the country. The data collection tool is the study of documents and information of general population and housing censuses in various indicators.Network analysis model and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.. The results of the network analysis model show that economic justice indexes with the highest value of 0.282have the greatest role in regional inequalities among the provinces of the country, because in most of the indicators studied, there are differences in terms of wealth and income distribution, the spread of poverty, the income of households per capita, which lead to the lack of justice realization in the society. Also, the analytical findings of structural equation modeling show that the components of economic justice in different regions of the country are very different. Based on the estimated standardized coefficients of the structural model of the research, the level of significance is equal to 0.079 which indicates the effects of economic factorson regional inequalities in the country with a direct and positive coefficient of 0.86 (9.51). It can be said that these inequalities are due to disregarding the balance in the country, and imbalances areevident in resources, activities, facilities, population, services or accumulation in some population areas including metropolises which arein contradiction with the Islamic justice and fair distribution of services and facilities and leads to questioning social justice. Finally, strategies for organizing regional inequalities within the framework of Islamic justice and the realization of territorial justice have been presented.
